Dynamis, volumen 39, número 1. DOSSIER: Health reforms in Southern European countries (1950s-1970s): inertia and changes

Health reforms in Southern European countries (1950s-1970s): inertia and changes

This dossier focuses on some characteristics of the health reform processes in three southern European countries —Greece, Italy and Spain— over the second half of the twentieth century. We are interested in the proposals, projects and debates that sought to reorganise the health systems of these three countries. The paper on Italy analyses some aspects of the discussion that led to a national health service in 1978. In the cases of Greece and Spain, which both underwent a period of military dictatorship in the second half of the twentieth century, we describe attempts to restructure the system prior to the health reform laws. The point of departure of the dossier is the need to define in more detail the health reform processes in the southern European countries from a historical perspective in order to contribute to the understanding of: 1) the characteristics of the health organizations that required reform; 2) the delay in the establishment of systems of universal coverage; and 3) the difficulties in the implementation of the reforms. With historical analysis it is possible to open up new paths in the study of the development of contemporary healthcare systems and to explore the similarities and differences between the three countries.

HEALTH REFORMS IN SOUTHERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (1950s-1970s): INERTIA AND CHANGES

Edited by Enrique Perdiguero-Gil

Health reforms in Greece, Italy and Spain: studies on the Mediterranean paradigm

Enrique Perdiguero-Gil .  .  .13

The creation of the National Health System in Italy (1961-1978)

Giovanna Vicarelli .  .  .21

The defence of health. The debates on health reform in 1970s Spain

Enrique Perdiguero-Gil and Josep  M .  Comelles   . . . 45

Los límites de la tecnocracia: el Patronato Nacional de Asistencia Psiquiátrica y la modernización autoritaria de la asistencia psiquiátrica en la España del segundo franquismo

Enric J . Novella  .  .  . 73

Progressive science meets indifferent state? Revisiting mental health care reform in post-war Greece (1950-1980)

Despo Kritsotaki and Dimitris Ploumpidis . . .99

ARTÍCULOS

José Victorino Lastarria: astronomía científica, literaria y social

Verónica Ramírez Errázuriz y Patricio Leyton Alvarado . . . 123

La primera estadística sanitaria infantil de la provincia de Santiago de Chile (1860-1929)

Pablo Chávez Zúñiga y José Julián Soto Lara . . . 149

 

El anarquismo español ante el debate sanitario en España: salud, enfermedad y medicina (1930-1939)

Alejandro Lora Medina .  .  . 175

From «Planning» to «Systems Analysis»: Health services strengthening at the World Health Organisation, 1952-1975

Martin Gorsky and Christopher Sirrs .  .  .  205

RESEÑAS

Gideon Manning y Cynthia Klestinec, eds. Professors, Physicians and Practices in the History of Medicine. Essays in Honor of Nancy Siraisi

Gabriella Zuccolin, ed. Summa doctrina et certa experientia. Studi su medicina e filosofia per Chiara Crisiciani

Fernando Salmón .  .  . 235

Chiara Thumiger. A History of the Mind and Mental Health in Classical Greek Medical Thought

Rosa Moreno .  .  .  240

Linda A. Newson, Making Medicines in Early colonial Lima, Peru. Apothecaries, Science and Society

Angélica Morales Sarabia  .  .  . 243

García Santo-Tomás, Enrique. The Refracted Muse. Literature and optics in Early Modern Spain

Marialuz López-Terrada .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .245

James Delbourgo. Collecting the world. Hans Sloane and the Origins of the British Museum

Juan Pimentel .  .  . 249

Marie-Noëlle Bourguet. Le monde dans un carnet. Alexander von Humboldt en Italie (1805)

Natalia Andrea Ramírez-León  .  .  .  251

Luis Ángel Sánchez Gómez. La niña. Tragedia y leyenda de la hija del Doctor Velasco

Alfons Zarzoso .  .  . 254

Samuel J. Redman. Bone Rooms, from Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums

Miquel Carandell Baruzzi .  .  . 257

Heike Karge, Friederike Kind-Kovács y Sara Bernasconi, eds.

From the midwife’s bag to the patient’s file. Public health in Eastern Europe

Esteban Rodríguez-Ocaña  .  .  . 260

Enric Novella. El discurso psicopatológico de la modernidad. Ensayos de historia de la psiquiatría

Marcelo Sánchez Delgado  .  .  .263

NORMAS PARA  LA ADMISIÓN DE  ORIGINALES   . . . 267

  

CfP: Magic, Alchemy and Cosmology in the Medieval and Early Modern World, 18-19 June 2019

Swansea University, 18-19 June

2019 is the UN International Year of the periodic table of chemical elements, which represents in tabular form an attempt to classify and understand the atomic building blocks from which all visible matter, including the stars and the planets, and all life is made. But how was matter understood in the pre-modern era, and how were substances linked to each other and combined in early philosophical, empirical, and religious attempts to explain the world? How was knowledge of the universe and its constituents defined, produced and communicated in the medieval and early modern period? Keynote papers will be given by Dr Jo Edge (John Rylands Library, Manchester), Dr Adam Mosley (Swansea), and Dr Sophie Page (UCL), and Professor Wendy Turner (Augusta University) will offer a conference response. In this Symposium by the Sea, papers (20 minutes) are invited that explore:

• the shifting parameters of knowledge of the universe and its constituent substances between 500 and 1700CE
• cross-cultural transfers of cosmological knowledge, and their intersection with medical thought
• the intersections between religious explanations of the world’s ‘wonders’ and the emergence of philosophical and scientific discourses
• alchemy and magic as modes of cosmological thought and as practices for the manipulation of matter
• the uses and repression of magic and alchemy
• physical and textual evidence for empirical experiments
• networks of knowledge and communication

Paper proposals (200 words) and short bios should be sent by 30 April 2019 to: p.e.skinner@swansea.ac.uk with subject line ‘MEMO Symposium’.

Research associate positions

he Department of History at the University of York seeks to appoint two Research Associates to work on the project entitled ‘The Chemical Empire: A New History of Synthetic Insecticides in Britain and its Colonies c 1920 – 1970’, following the award of Wellcome Trust funding to Dr Sabine Clarke. Each post is full-time and available from 1 October 2019 for two years, until 30 September 2021.

Research Associate (DDT in the Second World War) will investigate the history of the use of DDT by Britain during the Second World War. You will be expected to carry out extensive archival research, mainly in the UK. A PhD in an area of history or cognate discipline relevant to the research is essential, as is considerable experience of archival research.

Research Associate (Insecticides in farming) will explore the use of insecticides in British farming. A PhD in an area of history or cognate discipline relevant to the research is essential, as is extensive experience of oral history research and a strong awareness of the ethical considerations related to the collection of data via this method. 

Applicants will be asked to indicate the post(s) for which they are applying. You are welcome to apply for both positions. 

The starting salary for both posts will be £32,236 a year on grade 6 of the University’s salary scales.

Further details can be found here: https://jobs.york.ac.uk/wd/plsql/wd_portal.show_job?p_web_site_id=3885&p_web_page_id=383305

Becas de Doctorado Fundación Juanelo Turriano

La Fundación Juanelo Turriano convoca dos becas para la realización de tesis doctorales dotadas con 14.400 euros anuales cada una.

La tesis debe versar sobre materias propias de la historia de la ciencia, de la técnica y de la ingeniería.

El plazo para la presentación de solicitudes concluye el 16 de septiembre de 2019.

Consultar bases

Descargar formulario

Cultures of Oral Health, 1750-present - Call for Contributors

The Oral Health Humanities and Social Science Network are seeking contributors for an edited collection of essays titled 'Cultures of Oral Health, 1750-present: Discourse, Theory and Practice' (proposed publisher is Routledge, Medical Humanities Series). 

Edited by Dr Claire Jones (University of Kent, History) and Professor Barry Gibson (University of Sheffield, Dental Sociology), the volume seeks contributions that explore the relationships between oral health, dentistry and society drawing on a range of disciplinary perspectives including history, applied ethics, sociology, social gerontology, politics, historical epidemiology and philosophy. By producing a vibrant volume, our goal is to expand the inter-disciplinary conversation on oral health. The volume will demonstrate how a wide range of disciplines can promote a multidisciplinary understanding of oral care discourses, practices and theory. 

We therefore welcome a range of initial contributions using different methodologies and disciplinary lenses. Contributions might, for example, focus:

- the market for oral care products

- the emerging development of oral health practices 

- inequalities in oral health 

- the ethics of modern oral care 

- the emergence of the smile industry 

- oral health across the life course

- emotions attached to oral health

- oral health and citizenship. 

Abstracts of no more than 800 words should be emailed to Barry Gibson (b.j.gibson@sheffield.ac.uk) no later than May 31st 2019. Proposed publication date 2021. 

Two PhD studentships in Leiden University project

As of 1 September 2019, the Leiden University Institute for History will be appointing one postdoc and three PhD candidates within the project “Scholarly Vices: A Longue Durée History,” supervised by Professor Herman Paul. The aim of this five-year NWO-funded project is to write a cultural history of scholarly vices such as dogmatism, prejudice, love of fame, and love of money.

One PhD student will be working on “The Dark Middle Ages: Language of Vice in Histories of Science, 1700-1900.” More information: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/vacancies/2019/q2/19-146-phd-position-the-dark-middle-ages

Another  PhD student will be working on “Idols of the Mind: Modern Variations on a Baconian Theme, 1800-2000.” More information: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/vacancies/2019/q2/19-148-phd-position-idols-of-the-mind

PhD studentship in Modern Japanese History

The Department of History at the University of York is delighted to invite applications for a three-year PhD studentship to work on the history of Japan as a major producer of the natural insecticide, pyrethrum. This studentship forms part of the Wellcome Trust funded project “The Chemical Empire: A New History of Synthetic Insecticides in Britain and its Colonies, c 1920-1970”, led by Dr Sabine Clarke in the Department of History.

The PhD Project:

Pyrethrum is a naturally occurring insecticide that can be extracted from chrysanthemum flowers. Japan established a pyrethrum industry at the end of the 19^th century and Japanese scientists were responsible for innovations in insect control such as mosquito coils. By the start of the Second World War, Japan was the major supplier of pyrethrum to Britain and the US. This project will investigate aspects of the rise of the pyrethrum industry in Japan such as its international significance, and its relationship with the new synthetic insecticides that emerged after 1940. The project would suit a candidate with an interest in fields such as the history of science, technology and medicine, environmental history and/or economic and business history. Candidates will need a good reading knowledge of Japanese. 

Find further details regarding the studentship and the application process can be found here:

https://www.york.ac.uk/history/postgraduate/funding/#tab-2

The deadline for applications is midnight (BST) on Friday 17 May 2019.

CfP: Narratives of Disease, Discomfort, Development, and Disaster: Reconsidering (sub)Tropical Architecture and Urbanism

A stream on the historiography of tropical and subtropical architecture to be presented at Urban Tropicality: the  7th International Network of Tropical Architecture Conference, December 5-8 2019, Brisbane Australia.

Stream convened by Dr Deborah van der Plaat (The University of Queensland), Dr Vandana Baweja (University of Florida) and Professor Tom Avermaete (ETH Zurich).

Hurricanes Irma and Maria (2017) have demonstrated the urgent need for architecture in the tropics to be resilient to tropical cyclones, storms, sea surges and floods. Yet, in architectural historiography, tropical architecture has been viewed as a colonial construct acting in response to disease and discomfort – factors that needed to be conquered, overcome, and tackled. For example: in Triumph in the Tropics: An Historical Sketch of Queensland (1959), the Australian medical practitioner Raphael Cilento (1893–1985) linked the advancement of tropical Australia to the conquest of disease and attainment of comfort by the European settler, both realized through domestic design and urban planning. Despite a long history and frequent occurrence of flood, tropical storms, and cyclones – causal attributes long identified in colonial discourses as limiting the development potential of tropical regions—floods and hurricanes have begun to dominate tropical architectural discourses only recently. The correlation between anthropogenic climate change and the increasing intensity of hurricanes and sea level rise has led to the dominance of the trope of disaster in contemporary tropical architectural discourses. In addition, as it became apparent that buildings, as one of the key consumers of fossil fuels contribute significantly to climate change; the relationship between architecture and climate has gone through a paradigmatic shift—from one in which climate was a determinant of architectural metrics, to one in which architecture is seen as an active agent in the transformation of global climatic systems. As a consequence, tropical architecture, which began as discourse founded on the relationship between architecture and climate to ensure the well-being of the human body in a localised context, is now seen as a discourse where the production and operation of architecture have global planetary impact.

The idea of tropical and subtropical architecture and urbanism initially developed through a particular connection between discourses on disease, spatial practices and optimum architectural typologies, which were believed to circumvent the spread of tropical diseases and to maintain the comfort of the white settler. After the Second World War, the focus shifted from the European settlement of the colonial tropics to the self-development and governance of the world’s tropical regions; a phenomenon necessitated and propelled by post-war decolonization and global regimes of development aid. Accompanying this change was a shift away from the physiological comfort of the colonial settler to a new focus on indigenous cultures, vernacular building traditions, use of local materials, and increasing appreciation for the psychological value of cultural conventions, including superstition and taboo.

Ph.D. position in philosophy of science in Geneva

The Department of Philosophy, University of Geneva, is inviting applications for a fully funded Ph.D. position with some teaching duties (teaching will be in French). Candidates must be fluent in French as well as English and are expected to hold a Master’s degree in philosophy or in a scientific discipline with additional training in philosophy. The position will be for a maximum duration of five years. The remuneration will start at 46,247 CHF in the first year and will reach 78,528 CHF in the final year. 

The Department has a vibrant and international philosophical community and offers career support to Ph.D. students.

Applications should include a CV, grade transcripts, a writing sample (e.g., the Master’s thesis), a short description of a Ph.D. thesis project in the area of philosophy of science and two academic references (addresses only). 

Please send dossiers as a single PDF file to marcel.weber@unige.ch. To ensure full consideration, applications should be sent by 30 April 2019.

Persons belonging to groups disadvantaged by the present distribution of privilege are encouraged to apply.

CfP from ECRs 'Narrative science in techno-environments' workshop 18-19 July

This two-day interdisciplinary workshop is made possible thanks to the generous support of the British Academy (grant number BARSEA19\190021). It expands on the work of the Narrative Science project, a European Research Council funded project based at the London School of Economics (grant agreement No. 694732). It will take place in London on the 18th-19th of July.

The aim is to create a platform and a network for research at the intersections of the history of science and technology, literary studies, and the environmental humanities. The shared focus is accordingly on narrative, science, and environmental history. To these ends we are proud to have partnered with both the British Society for the History of Science and the British Society for Literature and Science. We have already gathered a range of expert speakers, who are listed alongside the titles of their talks at the bottom of this message. Further information about the workshop motivations and agenda can be found on the web page: 

https://www.narrative-science.org/events-narrative-science-project-workshops-environment.html

In addition, as part of our networking, this event is organised in collaboration with 'Environment, Climate, and Heredity: the integration of environmental humanities with the history of heredity' to take place on the following Saturday, 20th of July, at Oxford, organised by Dr John Lidwell-Durnin. Further details will be announced soon.

Call for ECR presenters with posters - Deadline May 24th

A key ambition of this workshop is to provide a platform and network for early career researchers (ECRs). For our purposes ECRs are defined as postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers not yet in permanent employment. There are 20 spaces available for ECRs across the two days. Each ECR presenter will have 10 minutes to speak about their work in a dedicated slot during the workshop plenary sessions, and will also provide a poster which will be showcased during the evening reception on the 18th of July. The poster reception will be an opportunity to talk directly and informally with all the other attendees in a relaxed atmosphere. All of the plenary sessions will be video recorded and eventually made available on the Narrative Science project website. At the moment we can only promise to reimburse hotel and travel expenses for these 20 ECRs up to £100, but we intend to increase this amount as much as possible. All catering is supplied to attendees across the two days free of charge, and we will also take care of the costs of poster printing. ECRs who are members of the BSHS may also be eligible to apply for a Butler-Eyles Travel Grant towards their travel costs.

To apply to the workshop please write to the organiser, Dr Dominic Berry, at: d.j.berry@lse.ac.uk

In the email subject please write 'Your name - Environment workshop ECR', and in the message include: